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1) Responsible Investment strategy

The way a corporation develops its business can expose it to risks that may not be detectable using conventional techniques of financial analysis. Extra-financial factors - such as environmental, social or governance performance - are those which are likely to have at least a long-term effect on business results but which lie outside the customary span of variables that get integrated into investment decisions, irrespective of whether they are part of the research process.

Such an enhanced analysis or more holistic investment approach improves the longer-term performance of the Group's assets on behalf of its clients by helping to generate increased out-performance but also by improving overall market returns by ensuring more efficient allocation of capital.

This "Responsible Investment" strategy is developed in different ways within the Group's two main asset management subsidiaries, AllianceBernstein and AXA Investment Managers, as outlined below.

1.1) Responsible Investment at AllianceBernstein

Certain entities within AllianceBernstein, which managed 43% of AXA Group's assets in 2005, are active in the field of responsible investment. As a shareholder, AllianceBernstein has conducted an active engagement policy (direct and proxy) for many years, as described in the "Voting Policy" section, focusing on corporate governance matters. AllianceBernstein has also developed a number of specialist funds integrating social or ethical considerations.

In addition, AllianceBernstein provides its research staff with ongoing training on social responsibility matters and stock selection criteria (eg. climate change), as well as conducts research and monitoring in the field of responsible investment.

1.2) Responsible Investment at AXA IM

For AXA Investment Managers, Responsible Investment (RI) is, first and foremost, a commitment to integrating extra-financial criteria into portfolio management and research processes. With over ten expertises and 1,400 investment products, this integration is gradual. In 2006 AXA IM significantly strengthened its expertise by creating a new department especially dedicated to RI. This is the first step in a wider organisational strategy to review and reshape internal processes.

The team's main mission is to analyse human capital, reputation, environmental litigation, corporate governance, health & safety and other extra-financial factors which could be important drivers of investment risk and reward for a particular company or sector. The team is then responsible for helping traditional investment professionals within AXA IM integrate this knowledge into their investment decisions when such factors are likely to have an impact upon corporate stock price performance. The team's remit is to work with all ten specialist investment functions within AXA IM to help them integrate RI practices into their core investment processes.

In addition to this "mainstreaming" role, the RI team also helps the AXA IM expertises develop investment products which appeal to AXA IM customers, both retail and institutional, who have a particular interest in responsible investment (eg. real estate). This can relate to ethical values (e.g. about "controversial" sectors such as tobacco) or investment beliefs (e.g. the long-term importance of extra-financial factors as a key driver of performance).

In addition to this 7-person dedicated RI team, AXA IM also has several fund managers employed by the different AXA IM expertises who are included in this new strategic development.

This new development is sponsored at Executive Board level by Jean-Pierre Hellebuyck, Director and Vice Chairman of AXA IM, and Vice Chairman of the Supervisory board of AXA Private Equity. M. Hellebuyck is also President of the Corporate Governance Commission of the AFG (French Asset Managers Association) and member of the Board of the International Corporate Governance Network (ICGN).

1.3) AXA IM's Responsible Investment history

The RI team builds on AXA IM's track record on sustainable development and corporate governance since 1998.

AXA IM was one of the early movers on SRI (Socially Responsible Investment) and Corporate Governance, the precursors to today's RI work. AXA IM launched the first SRI mandate in France in 1998 and has had dedicated SRI specialists since 2001. Furthermore AXA IM has played a particularly strong role in corporate governance work, both in the UK and France.

2) Responsible Investment products and services

2.1) AllianceBernstein RI products

AllianceBernstein offers a number of related services, including the following :

  • Negative screening : clients have the ability to exclude specific companies that violate their ethical or social values. Due to widely differing moral perspectives across clients, the asset manager require them to perform this negative screening themselves, but AllianceBernstein engages with the client if they believe that a specific negative screening will significantly harm investment performance.
  • Job protection : AllianceBernstein offers a screened service to labor union clients that screens out countries and sectors that might threaten the jobs of American workers. These investments represented approximately $2Bn in 2006.

2.2) AXA IM RI products

AXA IM has several specialist RI products. These include:

  • AXA Euro Valeurs Responsables: This equity fund seeks to identify companies that have strong corporate responsibility or sustainable development policies and practices and makes use of analysis provided by Vigeo, a specialist corporate social responsibility rating agency.
  • AXA WF Human Capital fund : this fund is based on the belief that productivity gains are a source of future profitability and sustainable growth - and that they are driven, among other things, by the quality of human resources management. This fund therefore aims to identify European companies which combine a strong financial profile/performance with the best human capital management practices."
  • AWF Development Debt: an RI fund that invests in internationally diversified emerging market bonds, and seeks attractive yields while favoring tight risk control. More specifically, this fund invests in companies which do business by developing products and services for poor people in emerging countries, thereby contributing to poverty reduction through a "Bottom of the Pyramid (BOP)" approach. The fixed income fund also seeks to support micro-credit organisations.
  • AXA WF Clean Tech : this fund invests in companies which develop technologies, products or services having a positive impact on global warming, environment and linked concerns: pollution, over-population, desertification, deforestation, and diminishing natural resources. These companies must be active in renewable energy, water treatment, pollution control and waste treatment or energy efficiency.
  • AXA UK Ethical Fund: This equity fund excludes companies and sectors that some customers consider controversial and therefore do not wish to invest in. This may be because of particular practices (e.g. animal testing, intensive farming) or specific sectors (e.g., gambling, tobacco and weapons manufacturers). The fund is based on specialist data provided by EIRIS, an independent research agency that monitors the social, environmental and ethical performance of companies.
  • ETF ASPI Eurozone: This exchange traded fund tracks the Advanced Sustainable Performance Index which is based on data from Vigeo.
  • AXA IM also runs specialist funds for large clients. One client, a corporate pension fund, wished to invest in successful European companies as measured by their ability to deliver sustainable job growth in France. In addition to taking this proactive position on social capital issues, this fund has out-performed its benchmark.
  • Several expertises have major clients with particular interests in Responsible Investment, and this client demand is reflected in specific investment management strategies.

3) AXA IM's collaborative projects and initiatives in the field of Responsible Investment

To best serve its clients interests in the rapidly evolving RI field, AXA IM is an established member of several initiatives.

3.1) Principles for Responsible Investment (PRI)

PRI, a United Nations initiative, aims to encourage the integration of environmental, social and governance (ESG) issues into investment decision making providing across 6 principles a wide menu of possible actions. AXA IM joined the PRI in May 2007, significantly increasing the assets under management represented by this initiative.

One of the core pillars of AXA IM's responsible investment strategy is to help bring about the mainstreaming of responsible investment into the asset management community, beyond niche-market SRI funds. PRI is one of the key initiatives that will help AXA IM to do this.The six principles are pragmatic, process-orientated and offer a high-level and non-prescriptive framework for action. They are relevant for asset owners and investment managers and they are global in their nature and reach. PRI also offers a strong forum for AXA IM to share best practices with its peers, while ensuring continuous improvement through collaboration and learning from other members.

Applying the Principles should not only lead to better long-term financial returns but also a closer alignment between the objectives of institutional investors and those of society at large.

3.2) Enhanced Analytics Initiative

The Enhanced Analytics Initiative (EAI) is an international collaboration between asset owners and investment managers to encourage research providers to pay greater attention to the impact of extra-financial issues on long-term investment prospects. AXA joined the EAI in January 2007.

Every six months, the EAI identifies eight or so top providers of investment research that incorporate extra financial criteria into analysis and recommendations and stand to win at least 5 % of brokerage commissions allocated by EAI members. This Initiative works because of the scale of client demand. By joining, AXA IM has increased the total assets under management by EAI members from €1.3 to €1.8 trillion, a 38% increase.

3.3) European Social Investment Forum

AXA IM is a member affiliate of the European Social Investment Forum (EUROSIF). It is a non-profit members organisation promoting the concept, practice and development of sustainable and responsible investment. Current members of Eurosif include pension funds, financial service providers, academic institutes, research associations and NGO's.

Eurosif works closely with several national Social Investment Forums across Europe including the UK, Netherlands, Germany, France, Italy, Sweden and Belgium.

3.4) Forum de l'Investissement Responsable (France)

The French Association of Socially Responsible Investment (FIR) is a non profit organisation which brings together individuals and organisations to promote RI in France. It aims to contribute to RI public policy making, support RI research initiatives, promote socially responsible and sustainable investment practices and to act as a knowledge centre.

AXA IM is represented on the board of FIR and as such, has supported projects such as the Annual Forum for European Responsible Investment (FAIRE). This high-profile organisation is a platform for dialogue between investors and companies on companies' sustainable development policies and practices as well as on the link between financial and extra-financial performance.

3.5) The International Corporate Governance Network

The ICGN is an investor-led network allows for an international exchange of views and information about corporate governance issues. The Network's mission is to develop and encourage adherence to corporate governance standards and guidelines, and to promote good corporate governance worldwide.

4) AllianceBernstein's collaborative projects and initiatives in the field of Responsible Investment

  • Enhanced Analytics Initiative: Within the AllianceBernstein Group, the Bernstein team has developed a thorough, company-specific research expertise. Both the sell-side and buy-side teams look at all of the factors that may affect a given company's long term investment prospects. As a result, Bernstein has regularly won the EAI's top category award since its launch.

5) The AXA Group's investment policy on companies that produce controversial weapons

AXA's line of conduct has not deviated on any of the sensitive social issues in which the financial sector may be indirectly involved through its investments. The Group considers that companies have neither the expertise nor the legitimacy to produce ethical positions or judgments, a task that is overseen by political institutions. International directives voice this technical and political consensus. Going forward, the Group has taken the following decisions:

Anti-personal mines (APM)review:

  • The manufacturing and distribution of APMs is banned by the Ottawa Convention, signed by a large number of countries, though with the exception of the USA notably.
  • In April 2006 the AXA Group announced that it would no longer hold own account investments in companies that produce or sell APMs and that it would develop a process for identifying these companies.
  • The adoption of this policy, now fully implemented, thus reflected the broad-based consensus on APMs embodied in the Ottawa Convention.

Cluster bombs:

  • Several NGOs believe that these weapons violate international humanitarian law and, therefore, argue that cluster bombs should be banned through an international convention like the Ottawa Convention.
  • The "Oslo Process" was launched in February 2007 against this backdrop. Certain difficulties related to the technical definition of cluster bombs were raised. Nonetheless, the many governments that took part in this series of conferences promised to devise a treaty prohibiting cluster bombs "that cause unacceptable harm to civilians" between now and 2008.
  • Acknowledging that there is an emerging international consensus around the banishment of certain types of cluster bombs, AXA has decided in July 2007 to begin the process of disengaging from its investments for own account in companies that produce cluster bombs.

However, the Group is not at liberty to impose its own decisions on third-party clients which entrust AXA with the management of their investments and on which the Group cannot impose such choices.